Events and Announcements

As we move through  2026, American beekeepers face a confluence of challenges that demand evidence-based strategies and adaptive management.  This article synthesizes recent research, national trends, and region-specific considerations to provide a detailed reference for practitioners seeking to understand the current state of our industry.

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Colony Losses

The 2024-2025 U.S. Beekeeping Survey reports a devastating 55.6% annual colony loss rate—the highest on record since systematic tracking began in 2010. Winter losses alone reached 40.2%, with commercial operations bearing the brunt of both mortality and economic impact. These figures represent more than 1.6 million colonies lost, translating to an estimated $600 million in direct beekeeper losses and threatening $17 billion in U.S. agricultural production dependent on pollination services.

Washington State Context: Our state exceeds the national average with over 43% colony losses, making the situation particularly acute for Pacific Northwest beekeepers. The combination of wet winters, variable weather patterns, and pest pressures creates unique challenges for overwintering success.

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Varroa Mites: Resistance and Viral Transmission

Varroa destructor remains the primary driver of colony collapse, but the threat has evolved significantly. Recent USDA research identifies amitraz-resistant mite populations carrying high viral loads of deformed wing virus (DWV-A and DWV-B) as a principal cause of the 2025 collapses. Critically, triage surveys covering over 50% of U.S. colonies found no significant difference in loss rates between operations using amitraz-based treatments and those using alternatives, suggesting widespread resistance.

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Current Treatment Strategies

Research published in 2025 provides specific guidance:

• Oxalic Acid: Studies from the University of Florida demonstrate that 4g doses provide superior mite reduction during summer months without colony harm, though sealed brood limits efficacy during active rearing periods.

• Integrated Pest Management: The newly EPA-approved Vadescana offers an additional tool, but researchers emphasize treatment rotation to prevent resistance development.

• Monitoring Thresholds: Maintain mite levels below 6 per 300 bees (or per half-cup sample). Commercial operations reporting losses exceeding 60% consistently cite Varroa as the primary factor in triage surveys.

 

Breeding for Resistance

April 2025 research in entomological journals highlights breeding programs targeting Varroa Sensitive Hygiene (VSH) and mite non-reproduction (MNR) traits. However, these characteristics show high variance in inheritance, requiring sustained selection pressure across multiple generations. Meta-analyses of commercial populations reveal restricted mitochondrial DNA haplotypes, underscoring the need for policy changes to support genetic diversity through regulated queen imports and conservation of regional adaptations.

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Climate Change: Quantifying the Impact

Multiple 2025-2026 studies document climate effects on colony health:

Temperature Extremes

Research from Arizona universities published in early 2026 demonstrates that sustained temperatures exceeding 40°C (104°F) cause severe hive temperature fluctuations, leading to population declines particularly in smaller colonies. Bees adapt by modifying wingbeat frequencies to enhance cooling, but this physiological stress reduces disease resistance and foraging efficiency.

Phenological Mismatches

December 2025 research in Nature predicts climate-driven vegetation shifts will create temporal mismatches between flowering and bee activity cycles. With global temperatures projected to rise 2.7-4°C by century's end, these disruptions threaten forage availability across major agricultural regions.

Regional Impacts

Triage surveys identify weather as a disproportionate loss factor for smaller-scale operations, with nutritional stress compounding other stressors. For Washington beekeepers, wet winters present specific challenges including mold development and difficulty maintaining proper hive ventilation—a topic emphasized in WSU's "Ask A WA Beekeeper: Overwintering" sessions.

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Economic Pressures and Market Dynamics

The 2025 IBISWorld analysis projects U.S. beekeeping industry revenue at $640.2 million, representing a 3.2% compound annual decline. Key economic factors include:

• Import Competition: Over 60% of U.S. honey demand is met through imports, suppressing domestic prices.

• Cost Inflation: Production costs have risen 45% over five years, with pollination fees increasing to $300 per hive in some markets to offset losses.

• Market Consolidation: Industry concentration continues as smaller operations exit due to unsustainable loss rates.

• Pollination Services: Despite declining honey revenue, commercial beekeepers are diversifying into pollination contracts, particularly for California almond production.

WSU projections anticipating 60-70% losses in some regions highlight why pollination fees must increase to maintain economic viability—a trend reshaping business models across the industry.

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Technology Adoption and Innovation

Research from 2025-2026 documents accelerating technology adoption:

Smart Hive Systems

A 2026 analysis projects smart hive monitoring adoption will rise from 42% in 2025 to 57% in 2026. These systems employ IoT sensors to track:

• Temperature and humidity fluctuations

• Weight changes indicating nectar flow or food depletion

• Acoustic signatures for swarm prediction

• Real-time health alerts

Field studies report 70% efficiency gains in inspection time, enabling beekeepers to manage larger operations with reduced labor.

Flow Beekeeping

Flow hive technology claims 70% harvesting efficiency improvements through self-draining frame systems, though adoption remains concentrated in hobbyist markets.

AI-Powered Management

August 2025 developments include AI-driven "BeeHome" systems providing automated threat detection and environmental optimization. The American Beekeeping Federation's January 2026 conference in Mobile, Alabama featured extensive presentations on these innovations.

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Washington Application: For beekeepers managing remote outyards in Eastern Washington's agricultural areas or Western Washington's dispersed locations, remote monitoring technology offers particular value in reducing travel costs while maintaining surveillance during critical periods.

 

Genetic Diversity and Policy Considerations

The genetic bottleneck in U.S. honey bee populations poses long-term sustainability risks. Recent research emphasizes:

• Limited Genetic Base: Commercial populations show restricted genetic diversity, particularly in mitochondrial markers, limiting adaptive potential.

• Queen Import Policies: Current regulations may inadvertently constrain genetic diversity. Some beekeepers advocate for policy changes to end mandatory re-queening of wild swarms, arguing this practice creates genetic bottlenecks contributing to die-offs.

• Breeding Programs: USDA initiatives focus on expanding genetic resources while selecting for pest resistance and regional adaptation. However, coordination between research programs and commercial breeding operations remains inconsistent.

 

Current Events and Community Engagement

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Research Programs

The U.S. Winter Capped Brood Monitoring Project, active throughout January, engages citizen scientists in collecting standardized hive health data. The APHIS National Honey Bee Survey (July 2025) continues surveillance for exotic pests including Tropilaelaps mites, maintaining confidence in their absence from U.S. apiaries.

 

Washington-Specific Activities

• SnoKing Beekeepers: Active participation in Winter Capped Brood Monitoring Project

• COLOSS North American Event: WSU's Bee Program promotes this June 2026 international gathering on bee health strategies

• WASBA PNW Conference: October 2-3 in Wenatchee—mark calendars for this regional gathering

 

Educational Initiatives

February 2026 features intensive beginner workshops through Northwest District Beekeepers Association and Three Rivers Beekeepers, reflecting renewed interest in apiculture despite industry challenges. WASBA's certification program (Apprentice through Master levels) provides structured advancement for serious practitioners.

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The Washington Native Bee Society's January 22 webinar on native bee identification highlights growing recognition that honey bee health exists within broader pollinator ecosystem contexts.

 

Month-by-Month Management Priorities for 2026
 

January-February: Winter Survival Phase

• Critical Tasks: External hive checks only; assess food stores by hefting; emergency feeding with dry sugar or fondant; equipment repair and preparation

• Washington Specifics: Address moisture management in wet western climates; ensure adequate insulation in eastern regions; complete hive registration with WSDA to fund state research programs

• Research Note: Avoid opening hives below 50°F to prevent cluster disruption
   

March: Spring Buildup Initiation

• Critical Tasks: First full inspections on warm days; oxalic acid dribble before brood sealing; package/nuc installation; drone frame addition

• Monitoring: Assess queen performance and brood pattern; watch for early swarm preparations in mild areas

• Regional Variation: Western Washington may see earlier activity; adjust timing based on local bloom patterns
   

April-May: Expansion Phase

• Critical Tasks: Weekly inspections; syrup feeding for new colonies; splits from strong hives; super addition for blackberry flow (PNW-specific)

• Pest Management: First alcohol wash mite counts; establish baseline for treatment decisions

• Infrastructure: Queen excluder placement; ensure adequate space for nectar storage
   

June-July: Production Peak

• Critical Tasks: Early honey harvest; formic acid treatments; drone brood removal; extraction during main flow

• Threshold Management: Treat if mite counts exceed 6 per 300 bees (critical given resistance data)

• Preparation: Anticipate summer dearth; ensure adequate stores remain
   

August-September: Fall Preparation

• Critical Tasks: Aggressive Varroa control (Apivar or alternatives given resistance); entrance reduction; ensure 60-80 lbs stored honey; final treatments

• Protection: Mouse guard installation; predator deterrence

• Assessment: Evaluate queen performance for potential replacement
   

October-November: Winter Preparation

• Critical Tasks: Final inspections; treatment removal; hive wrapping in cold regions; minimal disturbance

• Planning: Equipment maintenance; 2027 supply orders; review season data

• Washington Event: WASBA Conference attendance for knowledge exchange
   

December: Dormancy

• Critical Tasks: External monitoring only; emergency feeding if absolutely necessary; research and reflection

• Professional Development: Review literature; plan improvements based on seasonal observations

 

Policy and Advocacy Considerations

Several policy debates merit attention:

1. Hive Registration Requirements: State-level registration (mandatory in Washington) funds research and emergency response programs. Compliance directly supports infrastructure beekeepers depend upon.

2. Pesticide Regulations: Ongoing debates balance agricultural productivity against pollinator protection. Recent neonicotinoid research demonstrates synergistic effects with Varroa infestation, disrupting overwintering longevity.

3. Genetic Resource Management: Questions surrounding wild swarm re-queening requirements and queen import protocols require evidence-based policy development balancing genetic diversity with disease management.

4. Climate Adaptation Support: As projections indicate intensifying challenges, beekeepers may need to advocate for research funding addressing heat tolerance, drought resilience, and phenological adaptation.

 

Actionable Recommendations

Based on current research and industry trends:

1. Implement Rigorous IPM: Monthly mite monitoring using standardized methods (alcohol wash or sugar roll); maintain detailed treatment records; rotate chemical classes to prevent resistance.

2. Diversify Revenue Streams: Consider pollination contracts, nucleus colony production, or queen rearing to buffer honey price volatility.

3. Invest in Monitoring Technology: For operations managing 25+ hives, remote monitoring systems offer positive return on investment through labor efficiency and early problem detection.

4. Participate in Citizen Science: Programs like Winter Capped Brood Monitoring generate data benefiting the entire industry while improving individual management skills.

5. Engage in Continuing Education: Attend regional conferences (WASBA, ABF, NAHBE); participate in local association workshops; stay current with research literature.

6. Prioritize Genetic Quality: Source queens from breeders selecting for VSH, MNR, and regional adaptation traits rather than prioritizing solely on price.

7. Document Everything: Maintain detailed records of treatments, inspections, weather conditions, and outcomes to identify patterns and optimize management decisions.

 

Conclusion

American beekeeping in 2026 faces documented challenges requiring sophisticated, evidence-based responses. The 55.6% national loss rate—and Washington's 43%+ losses—demand more than incremental adjustments. Success requires integrating current research on mite resistance, climate adaptation, and genetic management into everyday practice.

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The technology, knowledge, and community support structures exist to address these challenges. Whether through precision monitoring systems, advanced breeding programs, or coordinated policy advocacy, paths forward exist for committed practitioners willing to adapt management strategies based on emerging evidence.

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For Washington beekeepers specifically, our unique climate conditions, strong research support through WSU, and active association network provide resources that, when fully utilized, position us to lead in developing solutions applicable across diverse environments.

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The question is not whether we can sustain viable beekeeping operations, but whether we will implement the practices and policies that research demonstrates are necessary. The coming months offer opportunities to translate knowledge into action—beginning with the winter management decisions we make today.

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References and Further Reading

National Loss Data:

• 2024-2025 U.S. Beekeeping Survey: agriculture.auburn.edu

• Bee Informed Partnership Triage Surveys: honeybeehealthcoalition.org

 

Varroa Research:

• USDA ARS Resistance Studies: ars.usda.gov

• Scientific Beekeeping (Randy Oliver): scientificbeekeeping.com

• University of Florida Oxalic Acid Research: nwdistrict.ifas.ufl.edu

 

Climate Impact Studies:

• Nature Climate Research (December 2025)

• Science Daily Heat Wave Studies: sciencedaily.com

 

Economic Analysis:

• IBISWorld Industry Reports: ibisworld.com

• WSU Economic Projections: news.wsu.edu

 

Washington State Resources:

• WASBA: wasba.org

• WSU Bee Program: bees.wsu.edu

• WSDA Hive Registration: WSDA Apiary Program

 

Technology and Innovation:

• Farmonaut Agricultural Technology Reviews: farmonaut.com

 

American Beekeeping Federation Conference Materials: abfnet.org